ccTLDs – Country Code Top Level Domains
A Country Code Top Level Domain (ccTLD) is an Internet top level domain generally used or reserved for a country or a dependent territory. As in previous posts already said all ccTLDs have two lettered extensions.
Creation and the delegation of ccTLDs is performed by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA), and with certain exceptions noted below corresponds to the ISO 3166-1 alpha-two country codes(cc) maintained by the United Nations.
There are 244, of which 195 are active, country-specific domain extensions known as country code top level domains (ccTLDs) such as on example .ae for United Arab Emirates, .aw for Aruba, .ca for Canada, .fr for France, .th for Thailand, .tv for Tuvalu, .tz for Tanzania, .nt for Neutral Zone...and so on and on...there are many changes in the ccTLD list about i will write on some other occasion.
Total registrations in ccTLDs increased from one million in 1998 to sum over 30 million in 2004. This increase in the popularity
of ccTLDs can be attributed to five causes:
1. ccTLDs are being registered by companies that already own the some of the TLD extensions, as a means to protect their intellectual property worldwide;
2. companies need ccTLDs to be listed on country-specific search engines;
3. more countries are adopting ICANN’s Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP);
4. companies are notifyng citizens of that they are doing buisness in their country as well;
5. unnatural claims i.e. manipulations with the claims that some of these are very important domains for doing a domainer business; moreover manipulations with the extenisions.
A ccTLDs are top level domains containing a two letters abbreviation as defined by ISO 3166-1 (Codes for the Representation of Names of Countries and Their Subdivisions). As of November 1999 there were 244 country code top level domains (ccTLDs) registered.
ccTLDs are often contrasted to a generic top level domains (gTLDs). ccTLDs often have more restrictive registration requirements including regional requirements whereas gTLDs tend to be open to all registrants around the world.
The IANA 
(currently contracted to ICANN) is responsible for determining an appropriate trustee for each ccTLD. Administration and control is then delegated to that entity, which is responsible for the policies and operation of the domain; the current delegation can be determined from IANA's list of ccTLDs. Individual ccTLDs may thus have varying requirements and fees for registering subdomains.
There may be a special requirements regarding the domain registrations for ccTLDs (for instance, citizenship, registered company in that country or other equally meaningful conditions). We can see the difference between required conditions for registration of a domains-domain names in various countries in this three categories:
1. Unrestricted – No local presence is required. Anyone, from anywhere, may register as many domain names as are available.
There are 96 unrestricted countries as in the gTLDs. They, however, are considered “high-risk” for trademark holders, and thus, are highest priorities for preemptive registration.
2. Semi-restricted – 99 countries require mild local address presence required, such as local postal address or administrative contact.
3. Restricted – ccTLDs, in general, require stringent local presence requirements, such as proof of trademark, corporation, etc. Typically, only one name is allowed per registrant, which should match the same name of the registrant.
| In an effort to compete with the gTLDs a number of countries are relaxing registration requirements. For instance, |
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